Factors Influencing Consumer Purchase Intention: A Study of Bookstores in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4459943Keywords:
Attitude, Bookstores, Customer purchase intention, Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use, Social media marketingAbstract
Background problems: Due to the weakness of the banking system infrastructure, there is no online bookstore or E-commerce business in Kurdistan. Many customers complain about the problem of the parking facility, most of the bookstore locations have not enough parking space nearby for the customers to be able to visit the bookstores and spend quite enough time to search for books and buying them. Main objective: So, the researcher has decided to study the impact of social media marketing on customer purchase intention toward bookstores in Kurdistan region. Research methods: The sample of the study consists of 300 respondents of which 231 are males, and 69 are females. The instrument of the study is adapted from previously established studies. The first part of the survey was designed to investigate respondents’ demographics, whereas, the second part focused on the independent and dependent variables of the study. Finding: The results showed that all the independent variables significantly influenced customer purchase intention toward bookstores in Kurdistan. Contribution: The findings of the study implied valuable contribution in two aspects. Theoretically, the study findings showed evidence for the establishment of TAM. In terms of managerial implication, the study provided a practical recommendation for the practitioners. The research findings come to validate SMM as a potential promotional strategy for bookstores in the region. Conclusion: So, bookstore marketers need to include social media marketing to their promotional strategy and improve social media marketing skills which can give advantage for the bookstores.
References
Aldhmour, F., & Sarayrah, I. (2016). An investigation of factors influencing consumers’ intention to use online shopping: An empirical study in south of Jordan. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 21(2).
Appel, G., Grewal, L., Hadi, R., & Stephen, A. T. (2020). The future of social media in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48(1), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-019-00695-1
Alalwan, A. A. (2018). Investigating the impact of social media advertising features on customer purchase intention. International Journal of Information Management, 42(April), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.06.001
Anas Y Alhadid, & Ali Y Alhadeed. (2017). The Impact of Social Media Marketing on Purchase Intention. International Business Management, 11, 11.
Athapaththu, J. C., & Kulathunga, D. (2018). Factors Affecting Online Purchase Intention: Effects of Technology and Social Commerce. International Business Research, 11(10), 111. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n10p111
Author, C., Hassan, S., & Nilore, P. O. (2020). COVID-19 Second Phase Lockdown Option and Public. International Journal of Medical Science in Clinical Research and Review, 03(03), 316–324.
Awan, H. M., Siddiquei, A. N., & Haider, Z. (2015). Factors affecting Halal purchase intention – evidence from Pakistan’s Halal food sector. Management Research Review, 38(6), 640–660. https://doi.org/10.1108/mrr-01-2014-0022
Ayub, A. H., Naziman, Y. hayati N. M., & Samat, M. F. (2018). Factors influencing young consumers’ purchase intention of organic food product. Advances in Business Research International Journal, (2014), 17–26.
Bartnes, M. (2010). Safety vs. Security? (PSAM-0148). Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment & Management (PSAM), (May 2006), 1202–1210. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.802442.paper151
Bazgr, A. (2019). The culture of reading. The New Kurdistan.
Birks, D. F. (2016). Marketing research. In The Marketing Book: Seventh Edition. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315890005
Blakeman, K., & Brown, S. (2010). Social Media : Essential for Research , Marketing and Branding Adding Value : Independent Information Professionals Adding Value : Independent Information Professionals. Differences, 37(1), 47–50.
Boon-Long, S., & Wongsurawat, W. (2015). Social media marketing evaluation using social network comments as an indicator for identifying consumer purchasing decision effectiveness. Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice, 17(2), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1057/dddmp.2015.51
Camosun College. (2011). Research Guidelines: Privacy & Confidentiality. 1–4. Retrieved from http://camosun.ca/about/policies/education-academic/e-3-research/e-3.2.3.pdf
Che Rusuli, M. S., Tasmin, R., Takala, J., & Norazlin, H. (2013). Factor retention decisions in exploratory factor analysis results: A study type of knowledge management process at Malaysian University Libraries. Asian Social Science, 9(15), 227–240. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n15p227
Chien, A.-W., & Kurnia, S. (2003). Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) The Acceptance of Online Grocery Shopping. (December). Retrieved from
http://aisel.aisnet.org/bled2003%0Ahttp://aisel.aisnet.org/bled2003/52
CNN. (2020). Other facts. Retrieved from CNN: https://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/18/world/kurdish-people-fast-facts/index.html
Chittal, N. (2018). Instagram is helping save the indie bookstore. Vox. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2018/12/19/18146500/independent-bookstores-instagram-social-media-growth
Chuttur, M. (2009). Overview of the Technology Acceptance Model: Origins , Developments and Future Directions. Sprouts: Working Papers on Information Systems, 9(37), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001443p
DATAREPORTAL. (2020). Social media users in Iraq. Retrieved from Datareportal: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2020-iraq
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly. Management Information Systems Research Center, University of Minnesota, 13, 319–340. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/249008?seq=1
D.davis, Fred. (1993). User acceptance of information technology. University of Michighan, Business School, 475–487.
Delafrooz, N., Paim, L. H., Haron, S. A., & Sidin, S. M. (2009). Factors affecting students attitude toward online shopping. African Journal of Business Management, 3(5), 200–209.
Edosomwan, S., Prakasan, S. K., Kouame, D., Watson, J., & Seymour, T. (2011). The History of Social Media and its Impact on Business. Management, 16(3), 79–91. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com.eproxy.ucd.ie/docview/889143980
Eri, Y., Aminul Islam, M., & Ku Daud, K. A. (2011). Factors that Influence Customers’ Buying Intention on Shopping Online. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v3n1p128
Farrimond, H., & Farrimond, H. (2013). Privacy, Anonymity and Confidentiality. Doing Ethical Research, 126–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-29553-8_9
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1977). Belief, attitude, intention, and behaviour: An Introduction to Theory and Research.
Fridolf, M., & Arnautovic, A. (2013). Social Media Marketing - A case study of SAAP Automobile AB. The Financial Services Marketing Handbook: 413–428. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2013.801609
Ganguly, B., Dash, S. B., Cyr, D., & Head, M. (2010). The effects of website design on purchase intention in online shopping: the mediating role of trust and the moderating role of culture. International Journal of Electronic Business, 8(4/5), 302. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijeb.2010.035289
Gefen, D. (2000). E-commerce: the role of familiarity and trust. Department of Management, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University, 101 N. 33rd St/Academic Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2875, USA, 28(6), 725–737. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305048300000219?via%3Dihub
Haro, A. (2016). Understanding TPB Model, Availability, and Information on Consumer Purchase Intention for Halal Food. International Journal of Business and Commerce, 5(8), 47–56.
Jaffar, A. (2016). The Challenges of Implementing E-Commerce in Kurdistan of Iraq. Journal of University of Human Development, 2(3), 528–533. https://doi.org/10.21928/juhd.20160203.30
Jahangir Alam. (2020). Buying Behaviour Under Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic Situation: A Online Perspective Case in Bangladeshi Shoppers. Chinese Business Review, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1506/2020.03.002
Jen, W., Lu, T., & Liu, P. (2009). An Integrated Analysis of Technology Acceptance Behaviour Models : Comparison of Three Major Models. MIS Review, 15(1), 89–121.
Kamaruddin, A. R. (2007). Religiosity and Shopping Orientation: A Comparative Study of Malaysia and Thailand Consumers. Journal of Global Business Management, 3(2), 1–13.
Keller, K. L. (2001). Building Consumer-based Brand Equity: A Blueprint for Creating Strong Brands. Marketing Management, 14–19.
Kemp, S. (2020). DIGITAL 2020. We Are Social. Retrieved from https://wearesocial.com/blog/2020/01/digital-2020-3-8-billion-people-use-social-media#:~:text=More than 4.5 billion people,the middle of this year
Kim, H. Y., & Chung, J. E. (2011). Consumer purchase intention for organic personal care products. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 28(1), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363761111101930
Küster, I., & Hernández, A. (2012). Brand impact on purchase intention. An approach in social networks channel. Economics and Business Letters, 1(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.17811/ebl.1.2.2012.1-9
Lai, P. (2017). the Literature Review of Technology Adoption Models and Theories for the Novelty Technology. Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management, 14(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.4301/s1807-17752017000100002
Mathieson, K. (1991). Predicting user intentions: Comparing the technology acceptance model with the theory of planned behaviour. Information Systems Research, 2(3), 173–191. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2.3.173
Matthew K. O. Lee, Christy M. K. Cheung, Z. C. (2005). Acceptance of Internet-based learning medium: the role of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Semantic Scholar. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Acceptance-of-Internet-based-learning-medium%3A-the-Lee-Cheung/8926e2d3c468479195269c8012e35387e396c63b
Meher Neger, & Burhan Uddin. (2020). Factors Affecting Consumers’ Internet Shopping Behaviour During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From Bangladesh. Chinese Business Review, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.17265/1537-1506/2020.03.003
Miller, P. (2013). Social media marketing. The Social Media Industries, 86–104. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203121054
Mohezar, S., Zailani, S., & Zainuddin, Z. (2016). Halal cosmetics adoption among young Muslim consumers in Malaysia: Religiosity concern. Global Journal Al-Thaqafah, 6(1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.7187/GJAT10220160601
Momani, A. M., & Jamous, M. M. (2017). The Evolution of Technology Acceptance Theories. International Journal of Contemporary Computer Research (IJCCR), 1(1), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201003816
Nguyen, H. V., Tran, H. X., Van Huy, L., Nguyen, X. N., Do, M. T., & Nguyen, N. (2020). Online Book Shopping in Vietnam: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Situation. Publishing Research Quarterly, 36(3), 437–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12109-020-09732-2
Nielsen, A. G. (2010). How People Watch : Video Consumption across Multiple Platforms is a Global Phenomenon. (August).
Oliveira, T., & Martins, M. F. (2010). Information technology adoption models at Firm Level: Review of literature. 4th European Conference on Information Management and Evaluation, ECIME 2010, 14(1), 312–322.
Orapin. (2009). Factors influencing internet shopping behaviour: a survey of consumers in Thailand. Business.
Othman, B. (2020). The Impacts of Using Social Media Websites for Efficient Marketing. Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, XII(III). https://doi.org/10.37896/jxat12.03/186
Perea Y Monsuwé, T., Dellaert, B. G. C., & De Ruyter, K. (2004). What drives consumers to shop online? A literature review. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 15(1), 102–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564230410523358
Phuong, H. L. C., Anh, L. H., & Rashid, A. A. A. (2020). Factors Influencing Car Purchasing Intention : A Study among Vietnamese Consumers. 4(2), 229–252.
Ramus, K., & Nielsen, N. A. (2005). Online grocery retailing: What do consumers think? Internet Research, 15(3), 335–352. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240510602726
Ridley, D. (2020). Building Community. Vital. Retrieved from https://vtldesign.com/digital-marketing/social-media/twitter/how-riverrun-bookstore-uses-social-media/
Rauniar, R., Rawski, G., Yang, J., & Johnson, B. (2014). Technology acceptance model (TAM) and social media usage: An empirical study on Facebook. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 27(1), 6–30. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-04-2012-0011
Renny, Guritno, S., & Siringoringo, H. (2013). Perceived Usefulness, Ease of Use, and Attitude Towards Online Shopping Usefulness Towards Online Airlines Ticket Purchase. Procedia - Social and Behavioural Sciences, 81, 212–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.415
Said, M., Hassan, F., Musa, R., & Rahman, N. A. (2014). Assessing Consumers’ Perception, Knowledge and Religiosity on Malaysia’s Halal Food Products. Procedia - Social and Behavioural Sciences, 130, 120–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.015
San, A. N. C., & Yee, C. J. (2013). The Modified Technology Acceptance Model for Private Clinical Physicians : A Case Study in Malaysia , Penang. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(2), 380–403.
Santoso, C. R., & Cahyadi, T. E. (2014). Analyzing the Impact of Brand Equity towards Purchase Intention in Automotive Industry: A Case Study of ABC in Surabaya. IBuss Management, 2(2), 29–39.
Schiffman, L., Bednall, D., O’Cass, A., Paladino, A., & Kanuk, L. (2005). Consumer behaviour.
Thaichon, P., Poddar, D., Balaraj, A., & Jaiswal, A. (2016). To Fly or not to Fly-Factors Influencing Customer Purchase Intention and Switching Intention in the Airline Industry. Journal of Hospitality Application & Research, 11(1), 44–60.
The Pandemic’s Impact on the State of Online Shopping Worldwide. (2020). Survery Monkey. Retrieved from https://www.getfeedback.com/resources/cx/the-pandemics-impact-on-the-state-of-online-shopping-worldwide/
Turney, P. D., & Littman, M. L. (2003). Measuring praise and criticism: Inference of semantic orientation from association. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 21(4), 315–346. https://doi.org/10.1145/944012.944013
UOW Malaysia KDU. (2020). Online Shopping Is the ‘New Normal’ in Malaysia. UOW Malaysia KDU. Retrieved from https://www.uowmkdu.edu.my/news/online-shopping-is-the-new-normal-in-malaysia/
Waqas, A., & Hong, C. (2019). Study on Consumer Behaviour and Food Safety of Organic Products in Pakistan. E3S Web of Conferences, 78, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197802021
Wright, E., Khanfar, N. M., Harrington, C., & Kizer, L. E. (2016). The Lasting Effects Of Social Media Trends On Advertising. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 14(3), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.19030/jber.v14i3.9747
Yang, L. (2009). The Effect of the Internet in the Book Retail Market. Asian Social Science, 5(2), 90–92. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v5n2p90
Yankova, I., & Ozuem, W. (2014). Social media and its implications for marketing communications. Computer-Mediated Marketing Strategies: Social Media and Online Brand Communities, (2009), 252–270. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6595-8.ch011
Zeithaml, V. A. (2000). Service quality, profitability, and the economic worth of customers: What we know and what we need to learn. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1), 67–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070300281007
Zulkepli, M., Sipan, I., & Jibril, J. D. (2017). An exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis for green affordable housing criteria instrument. International Journal of Real Estate Studies, 11(4), 9–21.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 International Fellowship Journal of Interdisciplinary Research

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.